Safe Physics-AI

A physics model is a validated low-dimensional model of causality with critical properties such as provable stability in control applications. DNN is a high-dimensional model of correlations that may capture not only unmodeled dynamics overlooked by the physics model but also spurious corrections in the training samples (overfitting). As a result, while DNN has statistically significant performance improvement, but it may also generate outputs inconsistent with the laws of physics that could lead to catastrophic failures. We propose a solution that combines the best of the physical model and DNN model.

Traditionally, we project a higher dimensional space to a lower dimension space for computational efficiency at the cost of performance. Physics model-based neuron editing turns this conventional projection approach upside down. We project a lower dimensional physics model onto a higher dimensional DNN model by 1) augmenting the input feature vector with physic variables and 2) removing relations permitted by DNN but contradicting the laws of physics. The physics model edited DNN is constrained by physical laws. We gain control performance at the cost of computing. To ensure the stability of control despite DNN software failures, we use Simplex architecture to ensure that the states under the control of the edited DNN must remain within the stability envelope of the physical model-based control.